Tuesday, February 16, 2010

Activities for teaching babies and toddlers (日本語訳)

「わ~!わ~!わ~!」私たちに聞こえてくるのは赤ちゃんの泣き声だけかもしれませんが、最近の研究によると、実は赤ちゃんのまわりで話されている言語が、赤ちゃんの泣き方に影響していることが発見されています。ドイツ、Wuerzburg大学 のKathleen Wermke は母語の「極めて早い段階での」影響を示す研究を行いました。どんなに幼い赤ちゃんでも言語を聞き、学んでいるのです。子供に第二言語を導入するのに早すぎるということはまったくなさそうです。


赤ちゃんに言語を導入するのに最適な方法のひとつは、何世代にもわたって伝えられてきたものが多いナーサリーライムを使用する方法です。“Patty-cake”は赤ちゃんならみんな大好きな人気の手遊びです。詞も手の動きもシンプルで、生まれたばかりの赤ちゃんや幼児でもできます。親ごさんや先生が赤ちゃんの手をとり、ライム(韻)に合わせて手を叩きます。

詞は以下のようになっています


Patty-cake patty-cake, baker's man.
Bake me a cake as fast as you can;
Pat it and prick it and mark it with B,
Put it in the oven for baby and me.


詞は簡単なように感じますが、赤ちゃんはpatty-cakeの手遊びがとにかく大好きです。子供たちは英語を聞いているだけでなく、赤ちゃんと大人との間にかなりの交流があります。研究によると、言語発達を促す一番の方法は人との交流を通してだそうです。



指遊びも赤ちゃんが聞いたり見たりするのに人気があり、指遊びは赤ちゃんたにアクティビティや歌を覚えるチャンスを与えてくれます。次に上げる歌と手の動きは簡単ですが、とても楽しく遊べます。この伝統的な歌はFrere Jacques (Are You Sleeping)の曲に合わせて歌います。


Where is Thumbkin?
(両手を身体のうしろに隠して)
Where is thumbkin?
Where is thumbkin?
Here I am
(右手の親指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
Here I am.
(左手の親指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
How are you this morning?
Very well, thank you.
Run away.
(右手を身体の後ろにかくす。)
Run away.
(左手を身体の後ろにかくす。)

Where is pointer?
Where is pointer?
Here I am
(右手の人差指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
Here I am.
(左手の人差指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away
(右手を身体の後ろにかくす。)
Run away.
(左手を身体の後ろにかくす。)

Where is tall man?
Where is tall man?
Here I am
(右手の中指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
Here I am.
(左手の中指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away
(右手を身体の後ろにかくす。)
Run away.
(左手を身体の後ろにかくす。)

Where is ring man?
Where is ring man?
Here I am
(右手の薬指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
Here I am.
(左手の薬指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away
(右手を身体の後ろにかくす。)
Run away.
(左手を身体の後ろにかくす。)

Where is pinkie?
Where is pinkie?
Here I am
(右手の小指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
Here I am.
(左手の小指を上下に動かしながら身体の前に持ってくる)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away
(右手を身体の後ろにかくす。)
Run away.
(左手を身体の後ろにかくす。)

歌と指遊びは赤ちゃんに英語を導入する素晴らしい方法です。言語学習を楽しくすることで、私たちは赤ちゃんや生徒たちが英語を第二言語として身につけることを助けることができるのです。

Sunday, February 14, 2010

Activities for teaching babies and toddlers

    

     Wa! Wa! Wa!  We may only be hearing the cry of a baby, but new research has found that baby's cry is actually influenced by the language spoken in the environment in which they live.  Kathleen Wermke of the University of Wuerzburg in Germany, conducted research which showed an "extremely early" impact of native language.  Even young babies are listening to language and learning.  It seems that it is never to early to introduce a second language to a child. 
     One of the best ways to introduce language to babies is through nursery rhymes, many of which have been around for generations.  Patty-cake is a popular hand game that all babies seem to love.  Both the lyrics and the hand motions are simple, and this game can be played with newborns and toddlers.  The parent or teacher holds the babies hands and claps in rhythm to the rhyme.  The lyrics go:

Patty-cake patty-cake, baker's man.
Bake me a cake as fast as you can;
Pat it and prick it and mark it with B,
Put it in the oven for baby and me.

     While the lyrics seem simple, babies just love to play patty-cake.  Not only is the child hearing English, but there is quite a bit of interaction between baby and adult.  Research has shown that the best way to foster language development is through human interaction.
     Finger plays are also popular for babies to listen to and watch, and they provide toddlers with an activity and song to learn.  The lyrics and hand motions of the following song are simple to learn and yet fun to do.  This traditional song can be sung to the tune of Frere Jacques (Are You Sleeping)--
Where is Thumbkin?
(Hide your hands behind your back)
Where is thumbkin?
Where is thumbkin?
Here I am
(Bring right hand to front,
with thumb flexing-up and down)
Here I am.
(Bring left hand to front, with thumb flexing-up and down)
How are you this morning?
Very well, thank you.
Run away.
(Hide right hand behind back)
Run away.
(Hide left hand behind back)
Where is pointer?
Where is pointer?
Here I am
(Bring right hand to front, with index finger flexing-up and down)
Here I am.
(Bring left hand to front, with index finger flexing-up and down)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away
(Hide right hand behind back)
Run away.
(Hide left hand behind back)
Where is tall man?
Where is tall man?
Here I am
(Bring right hand to front, with third finger flexing-up and down)
Here I am.
(Bring left hand to front, with third finger flexing-up and down)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you. 
Run away
(Hide right hand behind back)
Run away. (Hide left hand behind back)
Where is ring man?
Where is ring man?
Here I am
(Bring right hand to front,
with fourth finger flexing-up and down)
Here I am.
(Bring left hand to front, with fourth finger flexing-up and down)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away
(Hide right hand behind back)
Run away.
(Hide left hand behind back)
Where is pinkie?
Where is pinkie?
Here I am
(Bring right hand to front,
with pinkie finger flexing-up and down)
Here I am.
(Bring left hand to front, with pinkie finger flexing-up and down)
How are you this morning?
Very well, I thank you.
Run away
(Hide right hand behind back)
Run away.
(Hide left hand behind back)
     Songs and finger plays are a great way to introduce babies and toddlers to English.  By making language learning fun, through games and music, we can help our children and students in their acquisiton of English as a second language.
 
Resource:  "Does Your Baby Cry in French or German?"  http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE5A43TA20091105

Welcome to TESOL Tips

TESOL tips is a new blog that will be presenting ideas for the teaching and learning of English.  Parents, teachers and students will find useful ideas and activities that can be used either in the home or in the classroom.  All posts will appear in English and Japanese.  We look forward to helping you, your children, or your students acquire English as a Second Language.